The design of a hold-off device to improve the lateral comfort of rail vehicles

ABSTRACT

Rail vehicles negotiating curves or in crosswinds are subjected to high lateral forces which provoke high displacements of the lateral suspension. As these displacements need to be limited due to gauging restrictions these forces cause the lateral suspension to reach the bumpstops and consequently the passenger comfort is significantly jeopardized. The paper presents the design of a pneumatic system that allows limiting the lateral displacement during curve negotiation (hold-off device). It describes the different phases of the design process starting from the definition of requirements to be fulfilled. The main components and the effect of their characteristics on the overall performance of the centring system are studied, and completed with an experimental analysis of the centring system. Finally, the described methodology is applied to a typical high speed rail vehicle. The results prove that the concept of a centring system which uses the same technology and components that are used in rail vehicles for the pneumatic height control system of secondary suspensions is possible. This fact is particularly interesting as the market offers this kind of components and has proven their reliability during many hours of service therefore the new hold-off system will be based on in-service validated components.     

柴油机装置液压伺服主动隔振台架研究

为隔离舰船主机及其动力装置振动向甲板的传递，本文研究了液压伺服主动隔振台架。首先对液压伺服系统进行仿真，然后在实验室完成以实际柴油机作为初级振源，液压伺服系统作为主动执行机构的整个柴油机装置液压伺服主动隔振台架的建设，并进行特性实验。     

船舶机械低频线谱振动传递的主动控制

针对船舶机械振动的低频线谱主动控制,文章采用输出力大、频响平直、无接触式的磁悬浮作动器,分析了永磁偏置式作动器的电-磁-力耦合特性,推导了磁悬浮主被动隔振系统运动方程和系统稳定性影响因素;研制了满足船舶应用要求、具有冲击摇摆适应能力的磁悬浮-气囊主被动混合隔振器。采用收敛快速的窄带多通道Fx-Newton算法,并针对线谱频率波动时的控制鲁棒性,提出了窄带滤波相位差的自适应补偿环节。在船用200 kW柴发机组上进行了主被动混合隔振实验,未开启线谱控制时,可获得>32.8 dB的宽频隔振效果;控制开启后,可进一步有效衰减传递到基座的多根线谱振动,并且在柴发机组的转速波动工况下依然能实现快速收敛、稳定和高效控制。该主被动混合隔振系统可满足船舶机械低频线谱控制的工程实用要求。     

The polarization of global container flows by interoceanic canals: geographic coverage and network vulnerability

It is widely acknowledged that the two major interoceanic canals of Suez and Panama play a central role in global shipping flows. However, this role has rarely been measured with precision both in terms of the geographic coverage and network topological properties of canal-dependent flows. Based on vessel movement data for containerships, this research clarifies the weight and share of canal-dependent flows globally and at the level of world regions, routes, and ports. It also estimates and maps the effects of removing canal-dependent flows from the network by means of graph-theoretical methods. While main results converge in showing a decreasing importance of canal shipping in the context of growing south-south trade exchanges, certain areas remain more dependent than others, such as Asia, Europe, and North America. The research also underlines factors of port vulnerability across the globe in relation with the two canals.     

谈船舶电气设备中的续流二极管

介绍续流二极管及其选择、使用注意事项,结合实例讨论续流二极管功能并分析其引发的几种故障。     

Adaptive vibration isolation system for diesel engine

An active two-stage isolation mounting, on which servo-hydraulic system is used as the actuator (secondary vibration source) and a diesel engine is used as primary vibration source, has been built. The upper mass of the mounting is composed of a 495 diesel and an electrical eddy current dynamometer. The lower mass is divided into four small masses to which servo-hydraulic actuator and rubber isolators are attached. According to the periodical characteristics of diesel vibration signals, a multi-point adaptive strategy based on adaptive comb filtered algorithm is applied to active multi-direction coupled vibrations control for the engine. The experimental results demonstrate that a good suppression in the effective range of phase compensation in secondary path (within 100Hz) at different operation conditions is achieved, and verify that this strategy is effective. The features of the active system, the development activities carried out on the system and experimental results are discussed in the paper.